Entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes: A dual strategy for growth promotion and defense against fall armyworm in maize

Entomopathogenic fungi are increasingly being explored as promising endophytes that can enhance plant growth and defense. This research investigates the potential of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum to colonize corn (Zea mays) using two colonization strategies: seed inoculation and foliar spray to determine the most effective method for consistent, long-term endophytic establishment. We aim to characterize colonization patterns across plant tissues and over time. We will also investigate how the two fungal strains affect plant growth, nutrient concentration and production of defense metabolites. Furthermore, the study also examines how fungal colonization influences fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) behavior, performance, and gut microbiota, providing a deeper understanding of plant-mediated pest suppression mechanisms. We hypothesize that fungal strains will differ in their colonization preferences, and that endophyte-colonized plants will show enhanced growth, reduced feeding damage, and lower pest survival compared to untreated controls. Results from ongoing trials will be presented, shedding light on the dual role of these fungi as plant growth promoters and natural biocontrol agents. This work supports the development of sustainable agricultural practices that reduce dependency on chemical pesticides and fertilizers.