Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles) comprise one of the most diverse beetle families, with over 39,000 described species worldwide. Over the past decade, phylogenetic studies have significantly reshaped our understanding of relationships among subfamilies and tribes. These higher-level studies, integrating multi-locus and phylogenomic datasets, have produced more stable hypotheses of cerambycid evolution and laid the groundwork for identifying natural groups. In Lamiinae, for instance, recent work has produced the first molecular phylogeny of the subfamily, leading to a revised tribal classification and several new synonymies. These revisions, supported by molecular and morphological evidence, have improved taxonomic stability and evolutionary interpretability across tribes. A recent case study on Onciderini, a tribe of Neotropical twig-girdlers, presents the first time-calibrated phylogeny for the group and reveals multiple origins of girdling behavior, which appears correlated with the evolution of enlarged head morphology. This research also refines the tribe’s classification and highlights the evolutionary relevance of behavioral innovation. Building on this framework, subsequent, genomic data are being used to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying host plant selection and the evolution of polyphagy in Oncideres impluviata, a species known for its ability to quickly adapt to diverse host plants. These studies aim to uncover how genomic architecture enables rapid ecological shifts and, more broadly, dietary breadth in phytophagous beetles. Continued collaboration among cerambycid systematists are key to achieving a robust classification and deeper understanding of this ecologically and economically important beetle family.
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