Bats and moths have been entangled in an evolutionary arms race for more than 60 million years. Moths have evolved counter-strategies such as evasive flight behavior, ultrasonic hearing organs, ultrasound production, wing tails, acoustic mimicry, and jamming. Here we review some of what has been uncovered and some new discoveries made in the last year. While we are still at an early understanding of moth acoustic defenses across this mega-diverse insect order (Lepidoptera), evidence suggests that ultrasonically signaling moths comprise one of the most understudied and largest mimicry complexes on Earth.
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