Taxonomy of gall-assocoated Torymus

Oak gall wasps and their associates in the Palearctic have long served as important models for the ecology and evolutionary biology of tritrophic chains. Research on a similar scale in the Narcotic has been impeded by a lack of foundational taxonomy and systematics work, particularly on their natural enemies.

Here we describe 3 new Gall associated Torymus, reared from a North America-wide sample. We combine both UCE phylogenies and morphological characters to propose species limits and host ranges for these new wasp species.